SOLUCIONARIO DE LIBROS UNIVERSITARIOS GRATIS: Investigación de Operaciones - Taha Hamdy 7ma Edición

SOLUCIONARIO DE LIBROS UNIVERSITARIOS GRATIS: Investigación de Operaciones - Taha Hamdy 7ma Edición

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Oral exam

Worksheet # 8

The application of ISO 14000 in Industrial Engineer

The ISO 1400 in Industrial Engineering career is focused on designing a specific Environmental Management System and tailored to the needs of the company. Develop Process Map, identifying and defining key business processes. Implementation of the requirements of the UNE EN ISO 14001:2000 and integration with the Standard UNE-EN-ISO 14001:2004 Implementing Environmental Management System Certification Body Get the certificate of business registration.

ISO 14000 does not set environmental targets for the prevention of pollution, nor engage in the global environmental performance, but, down tools and systems focused on production processes within a company or organization, and the effects or externalities arising from these environments.

ISO 9001 VS. ISO 14000

ISO 9001 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO / TC 176 ISO International Organization for Standardization and specifies requirements for a good system of quality management that can be used for internal application by organizations, for certification or for contract. Managing a quality system provides the framework needed to monitor and improve production at work. With much difference in quality is concerned, the more established and known rules is ISO 9001, which sets a standard not only for the Quality Management System but for any system in general. The ISO 9001 is helping all kinds of organizations to succeed through increased customer satisfaction and motivation of the department.

Implementation of the requirements of the UNE EN ISO 14001:2000 and integration with the Standard UNE-EN-ISO 14001:2004 Implementing Environmental Management System Certification Body Get the certificate of business registration. The ISO 14001 is focused on any organization of any size or sector, you're looking for an improvement of the environmental impacts and comply with legislation on environment.

The ISO 9001 helps managers improve organizational performance and differentiate from competitors who do not use the system. Certification also makes it easier to measure performance and manage risks ISO 9001 ensures that customer needs will continue to be considered and known and ISO 1400 aid the adoption of International Standards to facilitate suppliers to base the development of products in the contrast of broad market data in their sectors, thus enabling the industry increasingly compete freely and effectively in many markets the world over, improving internal communication and can find a team more motivated by suggestions environmental improvement.

Both certifications help us to have the best product quality but also the environment around us. 

Project: Industrial Engineering

Also here is the link : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vw6sKFl7rF0

Worksheet # 6

STRATEGIC PLANNING:

Any company designs strategic plans to achieve it objectives and goals set, this plan can be short, medium and long term, depending on the extent and magnitude of the company.

It is also important to note that the company should be determined with accuracy and care is the mission that govern the company, the mission is essential, as this represents the operational functions is going to run on the market and is going to deliver to consumer.

VISION

It refers to what the company wants to create, the future image of the organization.

The vision is created by the person responsible for leading the company and who has to assess and include in their analysis many of the aspirations of the agents that make up the organization, both internal and external.

The vision describes the future situation that you want to have the company, the purpose of the vision is to guide, monitor and encourage the organization as a whole to achieve a desirable state of the organization.

MISSION

The mission is the need to satisfy customers achieve, offering products and services.

Mission is the business that is dedicated to the organization, covering needs with its products and services, the market where the company develops and public image of the company or organization.



VALUES

The values of the company are the most important pillars of any organization. With them, actually defines itself, because the values of an organization are the values of its members, and especially of their leaders.
The values are those ethical judgments about real or imagined situations to which we are more inclined by their degree of personal and social utility.

• Importance of values in a company

 The values are very important for a company because they are major driving forces of how we do our job.
 Allows positioning an entrepreneurial culture.

 They set standards for decision making.
 Ceilings suggest compliance targets.
 Promote a shift in thinking.
 Avoid the failures in the implementation of strategies within the company.
 We achieve a low employee turnover.
 To avoid conflicts among staff.
 With them members of the company to adapt more easily.
 Success is achieved in the process of continuous improvement.



OBJECTIVES

The objectives of a company points to a common goal, to maximize performance in all areas of the image, it ranked, forming a network for the whole or benefits for which it was established (its essence).

The strategy adopted by a company based on its objectives is reasonably achievable.

 Features of the objectives:

The objectives must be clear and specific so that members of the organization fully understand where the company wants to go and what is expected of them, and thus will guide the objectives and motivation. The goals must be real, since deterred unattainable goals, and objectives would serve not easy to achieve mobilization efforts.

Goals should be measurable in order to appreciate what the difference is perfect to cover and you have to do to fill that gap.

SWOT

The Swot is a strategic analysis tool, to analyze internal and external elements of programs and projects. The swot be used are the strengths, opportunities should be seized, weaknesses and threats should be removed should be released.



Worksheet # 5

•      BENCHMARKING:

Is a technique used to a measure something. The importance of benchmarking is not in the detailed mechanics of the comparison, but the impact that these comparisons can have on behavior. It can be considered a useful process towards achieving the necessary momentum to make improvements and changes.

Types of benchmarking

Internal: assumes that within an organization there are differences between the various work processes. Some of them may be more efficient and effective than other areas of the same company. Often, it is common that each department head or manager has a particular way of leading a group and carry out the work processes. Here what is sought is to establish the best practice within the organization and incorporate it into the company processes. The different degrees of effectiveness and efficiency recorded among the various sectors of the same company, make possible the application of internal benchmarking processes and discover the best practices of the organization. "

Benchmarking is the process of determining who is the very best, who sets the standard, and what that standard is. In baseball, you could argue that seven consecutive World Series Championships made the New York Yankees the benchmark.

• OUTSOURCING:

Outsourcing is a trend that has been an important part in management decisions in recent years in all companies worldwide. 

Basically it is a method whereby certain organizations, groups or individuals outside the company contracted to take over "part of the business" or a service point within it. The company delegated the management and operation of one of its processes or services to an external provider (Outsoucer), in order to streamline, improve quality and  reduce costs. 

To clarify Outsourcing is different from business relationships and contracting, since in the latter the contractor owns and controls the process, ie tells the supplier what and how you want to play and manufactured goods or services purchased by what the supplier can not change the instructions in any way. Outsourcing For the buyer transfers the property to the supplier, ie not instructed on how to perform the same task but one that focuses on communicating what results it wants and leaves the process of obtaining supplier.

The contracting company, or buyer, you benefit from an outsourcing relationship since it can in general terms, a "more functionality" that was internally with "lower cost" in most cases, under the economies of scale companies that get hired. In these cases the company is concerned only to define the functionality of the different areas of your organization, allowing the company outsourcing deal with decisions about technology, project management, implementation, management and operation of infrastructure.

• ALLIEANCE STRATEGIC:

For small businesses, strategic alliances are a way to work together with others towards a common goal while not losing their individuality. Alliances are a way of reaping the rewards of team effort - and the gains from forming strategic alliances appear to be substantial. Companies participating in alliances report that at much as 18 percent of their revenues comes from their alliances.

A strategic alliance is essentially a partnership in which you combine efforts in projects ranging from getting a better price for supplies by buying in bulk together to building a product together with each of you providing part of its production. The goal of alliances is to minimize risk while maximizing your leverage and profit. Alliances are often confused with merger, acquisition, and outsourcing. While there are similarities in the circumstances in which a business might consider one these solutions, they are far from the same. Mergers and acquisitions are permanent, structural changes in how the company exists. Outsourcing is simply a way of purchasing a functional service for the company.

Strategic alliances are becoming a more and more common tool for expanding the reach of your company without committing yourself to expensive internal expansions beyond your core business.

Businesses use strategic alliances to:

• achieve advantages of scale, scope and speed
• increase market penetration
• enhance competitiveness in domestic and/or global markets
• enhance product development
• develop new business opportunities through new products and services
• expand market development
• increase exports
• diversify
• create new businesses
• reduce costs.

• SIX  SIGMA:

Six Sigma is a proven disciplined approach for improving measurable results for any organization. Six sigma project success stories exist from organizations including manufacturing, service, nonprofit, government, research and healthcare. The key to Six Sigma is the completion of leadership sponsored projects.

Six Sigma is a methodology that provides businesses with the tools to improve the capability of their business processes. This increase in performance and decrease in process variation leads to defect reduction and vast improvement in profits, employee morale and quality of product.

Six Sigma is a rigorous and a systematic methodology that utilizes information (management by facts) and statistical analysis to measure and improve a company's operational performance, practices and systems by identifying and preventing 'defects' in manufacturing and service-related processes in order to anticipate and exceed expectations of all stakeholders to accomplish effectiveness. 

Activity # 3

Situation #1

On one of the scheduled flights from Moscow (3) to the Soviet Far East only half the seats had been taken up so Aeroflot cancelled the flight and told the passengers to wait.

They waited in the packed terminal all that night and indeed all the next day when they were told that their flight would now be leaving. Trying to join their flight they found that they had to pay an extra 25% of their fare as a fine for missing the first flight

1. Person who cancelled the flight and passengers.
2. The bureaucratic leader
3. In the situation the problem was that cancelled the fight and all passengers don´t have a place to stay and sleep confortable and with all the attentions, and they don´t had to pay an extra because is not they fault.
4. The solution will be that the company pay the lodging of the passengers and stay confortable there and wait there the time of another flight and be rasonable with the passenger and be a good leader .

Situation #2

Nigeria ordered 20 million tons of cement (4) worth £650 million to be delivered during 1975. By the middle of October there were already 250 ships queuing to discharge their cement cargoes. A further 100 cement-laden ships were due the following week. Some of these would have to wait for more than two years to dock.

Only 4 million tons of the 20 million tons ordered had been delivered and in addition there were 150 general cargo ships queuing to discharge their cargoes.

By the end of December, 2,500 Greek seamen aboard 150 freighters had been "trapped" for more than seven months while waiting for permission to dock and unload. All seamen who had been stuck for more than four months were being flown home for Christmas by their employers.

The Nigerian government then announced a draft decree enabling them to charge owners £7,000 for every day an unauthorised vessel spent in Nigerian waters.

Normally the docks could handle less than one and a half million tons of cement per year and a basic cause of the congestion would appear to be lack of co-operation, contact and teamwork between different ministries and departments.

1. The Nigerian government, seamen and employers.
2. laissez-faire ("let do") leader
3. Normally the docks could handle less than one and a half million tons of cement per year and a basic cause of the congestion would appear to be lack of co-operation, contact and teamwork between different ministries and departments, the problem is that Nigerian lost money and cement part of the project because it was not delivered on time.
4. The solution od this situatios is that the leader put more attention in the different deparments that are there and compensate the client for the damage he has done.

Situation # 3

Gerald Smith when leader of the American delegation (5) to the SALT negotiations in Vienna which aimed to limit nuclear weapons, submitted remarkable Russian tables and drawings which compared the number and size of American and Russian inter-continental rockets and shelters for housing them. He was apparently submitting information prepared by Russian military intelligence themselves. In a counter-statement the leader of the Soviet delegation, Vladimir Seminiov, made a new evaluation but was openly corrected by his military deputy, Colonel General Ogarkov.

After this meeting, Ogarkov took one of the American delegates to the side and whispered to him. He said there was no occasion whatsoever for the Americans to divulge their knowledge of Soviet military data in front of civilians of the Soviet delegation as these matters are exclusively the concern of Soviet military officials.

A fine picture of conflict instead of co-operation between Russian military and civilian officials, that is departments.

1. Gerald Smith  leader of the American delegation, leader of the Soviet delegation, Vladimir Seminiov, Colonel General Ogarkov,co-operation between Russian military and civilian officials.
2. The democratic leader 
3. The problem in this situation is that the leader of the American delegation spreading awareness of Soviet military data against civilians of the Soviet delegation as these matters are the exclusive concern of Soviet military officials and He was apparently submitting information prepared by Russian military intelligence themselves.
4. The solution will be that the American delegation don´t submit the informarion prepared by Russian military and get their own ideas.

Situation # 4
Israel earns much foreign currency from tourist traffic, but it was reported that the Ministry of Tourism continued to receive complaints from Israelis and foreign tourists regarding the inadequacy of sanitary conditions and other facilities at Ben-Gurion airport.

The Ministry spokesman also pointed out (6) that the airport was under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transport, to which all complaints should be referred.

A clearcase of passing the buck which appears to disregard the interests of those using the airport. Just what is the job of a Ministry of Tourism?

1. Ministry of Tourism, Israelis
2. The leader of environment
3. The problem is that Ministry of Tourism receive complaints from Israelis and foreign tourists regarding the inadequacy of sanitary conditions and other facilities at Ben-Gurion airport and The Ministry spokesman also pointed that the airport was under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transport, to which all complaints should be referred.
4. The solution of this problem is to hava a better manage the maintenance of airport facilities.